Transportation of gas (1987)

Open-hearth furnaces.

Factory pipes.

Drilling rig.

Map of the USSR, with gas fields and gas pipelines mapped.

Panorama of the gas pumping station of the main gas pipeline.

View of a trench with a gas pipe.

The scheme of the main gas pipeline.

A cartoon explaining how natural impurities interfere with gas transportation.

Equipment for complex gas purification before transportation.

Cartoon explaining gas purification in an inertial separator.

The equipment on which the condensate is dried and extracted.

The process of low-temperature separation, which is based on the property of self-cooling of the gas during throttling.

Cartoon explaining the process of low-temperature separation.

Equipment for gas purification from hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.

Equipment for saturation of the main gas with a specific odor, odorants are introduced.

Panorama of the main structures of the gas pipeline.

The main pipe passing over the river.

Gas pipeline control panel.

Panorama from a helicopter on the laying of pipes.

Pipes made of low-carbon and low-alloy steels with a diameter from 114 to 1420mm.

Panorama of the surroundings of the gas pipeline.

The depth of laying the gas pipeline in the ground is determined based on geographical and climatic conditions, but not less than 0.8 meters.

Linear crane units are installed on the gas pipeline route every 20-25 km.

The assembly includes shut-off devices, bypass lines and purge candles.

Shut-off and control valves.

During long-term transportation, the gas in the pipeline partially condenses, forming hydrates.

A container for methyl alcohol.

A cartoon explaining the process of destruction of hydrates with methyl alcohol and the operation of condensate collectors.

The linear part of the gas pipeline includes crossings under the railway and through other obstacles.

To increase the productivity and reliability of the pipeline in some places, and sometimes throughout the route, it is laid in several threads, the so-called loopings.

View of the compressor station from a helicopter.

They are located at a distance of 100-150km from each other.

Technological scheme of the compressor station.

Centrifugal superchargers driven by a gas turbine or electric motor.

The compressor shop consists of a machine room and a room of superchargers.

Axial compressor for air compression.

A combustion chamber in which natural gas is burned.

A cartoon explaining the operation of a gas turbine.

The control panel.

Gas pipe in the trench.

Printed illustration of existing methods of protecting the gas pipeline from corrosion.

The passive method is the protection of pipes with insulating materials.

A cartoon explaining the corrosion process.

The extracted gas sometimes contains hydrogen sulfide, which leads to the hydrogenation of the metal.

Samples of similar deformations.

A cartoon explaining the reasons for the danger of stray currents.

Therefore, in addition to passive, active electrochemical protection is used.

Installation of active cathodic protection.

A cartoon explaining the principles of such protection.

The permissible potential difference between the pipeline and the ground.

With high-quality pipe insulation, cathodic protection installations are installed every 20-30 km.

Cathodic protection installation equipment.

A cartoon explaining the principles of metal tread protection.

Electric drainage protection against stray currents.

A cartoon explaining the principles of such protection.

During the operation of the gas pipeline, its inner surface is polluted with various impurities.

Cleaning devices for the elimination of internal pollution.

For their start-up and reception, special chambers are created on the gas pipeline, which are located near compressor stations.

Most often, a separator piston is used.

It is a metal housing on which ring cleaning elements are located.

Samples of such elements.

The process of entering the cleaning device into the pipeline.

The device is an alarm device that monitors the passage of the device.

The process of removing the device from the gas pipeline.

Underground gas storage station, to compensate for uneven gas consumption.

A diagram of an underground gas storage station in porous aquifers, in depleted gas and oil fields or in cavities of salt deposits.

The control panel of the main pipeline.

Gas distribution stations are located on the branches to supply gas to consumers.

Installation of gas reduction and heating.

Metallurgical plant.

Production of metal parts.

View of the construction of the gas pipeline from a helicopter.