Kulturtehnicheskie work. (1985)

Panorama of hills, fields and shrubs.

Brush cutter.

The grubber.

Picker.

Loaders.

Disc harrows.

Milling machine.

Fulling and rooting machine.

Stone harvesting and other machines for preparing the land for its further operation.

A map with the sites where you need to carry out cultural works.

The area where you need to remove shrubs and trees.

The shrub is removed at sub-zero temperature and freezing of the soil at least 15 cm. and the thickness of the snow cover is not more than 40 cm.

To start work, you need to divide the plot into paddocks of 70-50 meters in size.

Hangers indicate paddocks and various obstacles.

Brushcutter knives are sharpened at least once a shift.

The shrub is cut at ground level, in the presence of stones 3-5 cm above the ground.

Cartoon with schemes of cleaning sites.

After cutting, the wood-shrub mass is collected in shafts.

In early spring, vegetation is burned in compliance with fire safety.

The felling of the forest is carried out with mechanical saws and an axe.

Skidding of trunks is carried out by special skidding tractors.

Trunks are loaded onto a logging truck.

A cartoon showing the work of the grubber.

The grubber turns the stump over and turns it in a southerly direction to speed up its drying.

A cartoon showing the drying process.

Raking stumps into a pile.

Sending stumps for recycling.

The remains of the rhizomes are burned in compliance with fire regulations, the ash is used as fertilizer.

Deep milling machines, replace all uprooting operations with one.

A cartoon explaining the operation of the machine.

The work of the machine in the field.

When a stone hits the cutter, the machine automatically stops, the driver lifts the cutter and removes the stone.

Currently, more powerful machines are being used that remove wood waste from the field.

When using such a machine, no primary processing is required after milling.

Stones are removed by rooters and harvesting machines.

Medium-sized stones are removed by the pushing force of the tractor.

Large stones are removed by additionally applying the lifting force of the hydraulic cylinders of the grubber.

Large stones with a diameter of more than 1.5 m are pre-blown up.

Small stones are removed from the site by stone harvesting machines.

Boulders weighing more than 3 tons are removed by side working equipment.

Cartoon explaining the principle of cleaning stones from the field.

Cleaning of stones from the edge of the site is carried out by dump skis and tractor trailers.

Very large boulders are stored by special trailers.

Small stones are taken out by dump trucks to the sites where they are crushed and used in road construction.

Medium and large stones are loaded using powerful grab loaders.

The liberated land needs to be planned.

These works include the development of soil with its movement into depressions, ditches, craters and pits.

A cartoon showing the ways of leveling the ground.

To move the soil, scrapers are also used, and dump trucks are used for long distances.

Primary tillage begins with the plowing of the plot with shrub-swamp plows.

When determining the depth of plowing, not only the depth of humus is taken into account, but also the placement of roots in the soil.

Cutting of the formation with disk harrows during deep plowing is carried out at a large angle of attack of disk batteries, which ensures better loosening of the formation.

The traffic pattern is diagonal-overlapping.

After disking, the plot is planned with the help of long-base planners.

The traffic pattern of the planner is diagonal-overlapping.

In small areas with small irregularities, it is possible to carry out the layout with a bar.

On heavy soils, after two passes of the planner, additional loosening of the soil is carried out with a disc harrow.

Cartoon with a diagram of the movement of the harrow.

Then the soil is compacted.

If necessary, the soil is limed.

Lime saturates the soil with calcium, eliminates or reduces the acidity of the soil.

The vital activity of microorganisms in the soil increases.

Cartoon explaining the transformation of the soil during liming.

Panorama of the processed field.