Use and protection of groundwater. (1983)

Water flows from under the glacier.

Water rapids.

Waterfall.

Mountain river.

Sea.

The seashore.

View of the lake from the plane.

View of the planet Earth from space.

A cartoon showing the amount of fresh water to the total amount of water on the planet.

The spring.

Mountain river.

A person washes himself with spring water.

A source of underground water in a desert area.

A cartoon showing the water cycle in nature.

All natural waters are a single whole, and underground waters are part of the general water cycle in nature.

Atmospheric water, seeping into the bowels of the earth, meets impenetrable layers on its way.

This is how varieties of groundwater arise.

One of the features of such deposits is the ability to constantly renew.

However, aquifers can be hidden at great depths.

It happens that the picture of the movement of water, so clear on the surface, turns into riddles underground.

A river that disappears after a few kilometers and forms an underground stream.

Hydrogeologists are looking for water.

There are electrical, seismic and gravimetric methods of searching for water.

Scientists with the help of equipment collect information about the power of sediments, the water saturation of rocks, about the underground layer cake in which the deposits of fresh water are hidden.

A cartoon showing these processes.

The information collected from various districts is summarized in the VC.

Aerial photography, which allows you to study huge areas that are inaccessible to ground study.

The nature and density of vegetation cover indicates a close occurrence of groundwater.

Search for groundwater using space technology.

Alternating frames with satellite images.

Infrared, microwave and radar images.

The final diagnosis is obtained with the help of drilling wells.

There are several types of drilling.

Mobile stationary drilling rigs carefully probe each aquifer.

Each sample is analyzed in the laboratory.

Analysis of the soil from the well allows you to anticipate the approach of the aquifer.

Hydrological maps of various purposes were compiled in the USSR.

Aquifers for each region and region are identified, rock permeability and water analysis are shown.

Mountain river.

The formation of deposits occurs by seeping water from the river into permeable layers.

Cartoon explaining the formation of the deposit.

Where mountain rivers break out into plains, groundwater is formed in accumulations of loose materials.

Cartoon explaining the cones of the takeaways that serve as a feeding area for large artesian pools.

Water drips.

Village well "crane".

Water in the well.

A cartoon showing the work of a modern well-borehole.

Samples of filters for modern wells.

Waterfall.

Corroded filters.

Methods of recovery of the well flow rate.

Samples of anti-corrosion filters.

A cartoon showing the operation of a radial water intake.

A well in the desert.

Camels.

The Irtysh steppes.

Collective farm named after the 30th anniversary of the Kazakh SSR.

Panorama of the salt lake.

Whole rivers of underground water are hidden under this land.

Irrigation channels.

Green fields of the collective farm.

Watering machine.

A wide-reach sprinkler machine takes water from the canal and irrigates the fields of the collective farm.

Fields with fodder grasses.

Farm.

Cows at the drinking units.

Sheep in the pen.

Geese swim in an artificial pond.

The plan of devices for the extraction of drinking water in the farm.

Mobile irrigation machines connected directly to wells.

The central estate of the collective farm "Konstantinovka".

Well-maintained houses with running water, gardens.

Children swim in the pool.

During periods when the fields do not need watering, water is concentrated in special reservoirs.

Children catch fish in such a pond.

Laboratory of the All-Union Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation.

The situation occurring in the depths of the earth is modeled, only instead of layers of resistance rocks, and the flow of underground rivers is the movement of current, wells are electrodes.

By setting the number of wells, reservoir capacity and other parameters, you can find out how the groundwater levels change in a particular area.

So, with the help of mathematical modeling, hydrogeologists look into the future, predicting the behavior of underground flows.

Maps of such forecasts.

However, without daily constant monitoring of the condition of groundwater, they may be at risk of depletion or pollution.

Fertilizers washed away from fields, industrial effluents, salt water penetration are reflected in samples that fall from control wells to groundwater protection laboratories.

Strict control over changes in the chemical composition of groundwater allows timely prevention of both pollution and depletion of aquifers.

Hydrogeologists have developed a number of methods of influencing groundwater.

A cartoon telling about the most common method - vertical drainage.

The seashore.

A cartoon explaining the method of extracting fresh water near the seashore.

A cartoon explaining the method of extracting fresh water when reserves are depleted.

Artificial reservoirs with fresh water.

A cartoon explaining the transfer of surface runoff to underground.

A silty film at the bottom of the reservoir, which delays the filtration of water.

Cleaning the film from the bottom of the reservoir using a bulldozer.

After purification, the water enters the reservoir.

A dam built to replenish aquifers.

A cartoon showing the filtration of water from reservoirs into underground layers.

Sanitary zones should be created around wells with clean fresh water.

Source.

Fountains.

Waterfall.

Irrigation canal.

Lake in the forest thicket.

Water drips.

View of the Earth from space.