Methods of membrane separation of solutions. Reverse osmosis and application of this phenomenon. The devices of the "filter press" and rolled filter elements. The use of reverse osmosis in water desalination, wastewater treatment.
A reservoir.
Camel caravan in the desert.
Irrigation of the field.
A branch of a flowering apple tree.
Laboratory.
Hydrate formation (animation).
The phenomenon of osmosis (animation).
Obtaining a porous membrane in the laboratory.
Production of membranes in industry.
Types of industrial membrane devices (Figure).
A membrane apparatus of the filter press type in the laboratory.
Reverse osmosis apparatus.